REFERENCES
- Coates JAV, Cammack N., Jenkinson HJ et al. (-)2'-3'-thiacytidine is a potent, highly selective inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 replication in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36; 4:733-739; 1992.
-
Angel JB, Hussey EK, Hall ST, et al. Pharmacokinetics of 3TC administered with and without food to HIV-infected patients. Drug Invest 1993; 6: 70-74.
-
Hart GJ, Orr DC, Penn Cr, et al. Effects of (-)-2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) 5'-triphosphate on human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and mammalian DNA polymerases alpha, beta and gamma. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 36:1688-1694; 1992.
-
Schourman R., Nijhuis M., Van Leeuwen R., et al. Rapid changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA load and appearance of drug-resistant virus populations in persons treated with lamivudine (3TC). Journal of Infectious Diseases 171: 1411-1419; 1995.
-
Kavlik MF, Shirasaka T., Kojima E., et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 isolated from patients receiving (-)-2'-3'-dideoxy-3'thiacytidine. Antiviral Research 28:133-146; 1995.
-
Wainberg MA, Drosopoulos WC, Salomon H, et al. Selected mutant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Science 271:1282-1284; 1996.
-
Tisdale M, Kemp SD, Parry NR, et al.Rapid in vitro selection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3'-thiacytidine inhibitors due to a mutation in the YMDD region of reverse transcriptase. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, (USA) 90:5633-5656; 1993.
-
Gao Q, Gu ZX, Parniak MA, et al. The same mutation that encodes low-level human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance to 2'-3'-dideoxyinosine and 2'-3'-dideoxycytidine confers high-level resistance to the (-) entantiomer of 2'-3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37:1390-1392; 1993.
-
Schinazi RF, Lloyd RJ, Nguyen M-H, et al. Characterization of human immunodeficiency viruses resistant to oxathiolane-cytosine nucleosides. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 37:875-881; 1993.
-
Wainberg MA, Salomon H, Gu Z, et al. Development of HIV-1 resistance to (-)2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine in patients with AIDS or advanced AIDS-related complex. AIDS 9: 351-357; 1995.
-
Eron JJ, St Clair M, Gilbert C, et al. Rebound of plasma HIV-1 RNA after discontinuation of long-term lamivudine/zidovudine. International Workshop on HIV Drug Resistance, Treatment Strategies and Eradication, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA. Abstract 97.
-
Kemp SD, Harrigan PR, Kinghorn I, et al. Antiviral potency of AZT + 3TC combination therapy in vivo supports in vitro virological observations. AIDS 8 (Supplement 4): S20; 1995.
-
Back NK, Nijhuis M. Keulen W, et al. Reduced replication of 3TC resistant HIV-1 variants in primary cells due to a processivity defect of the reverse transcriptase enzyme. EMBO Journal 15: 4040-4049; 1996.
-
Shourman R, Nijhuis M, van Leeuwen R, et al. Rapid changes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA load and appearance of drug-resistant virus populations in persons treated with lamivudine (3TC). Journal of Infectious Disease 171:1411-1419; 1995.
-
Eron JJ, Benoit SL, Jemsek J, et al. Treatment with lamivudine, zidovudine, or both in HIV-positive patients with 200 to 500 CD4+ cells per cubic millimeter. New England Journal of Medicine 333:1662-1669; 1995.
-
Larder BA, Kemp SD and Harrigan PR. Potential mechanism for sustained antiretroviral efficacy of AZT-3TC combination therapy. Science 269; 696-9; 1995.
-
Yuen GJ, Morris DM, Mydlow PK, et al. Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and absorption characteristics of lamivudine. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1995; 35: 1174-1180.
-
Van Leeuwen R, Lange JMA, Hussey EK, et al. The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: a phase 1 study. AIDS 6:1471-1475; 1992.
-
Foundraine N, Hoetelmanns R, de Wolf F, et al. HIV-RNA and drug levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after treatment with stavudine (D4T)or zidovudine (AZT) both in combination with lamivudine. 6th European Conference on Clinical Aspects and Treatment of HIV Infection, Hambrug, Germany, Abstract 250; 1997.
-
Cammack N, Rouse P, Marr CL, et al: Cellular metabolism of (-) enantiomeric 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC). Biochemical Pharmacology 43:2059-2064; 1992.
-
Van Leeuwen R, Lange JMA, Hussey EK et al. The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: a phase 1 study. AIDS 1471-1475; 1992.
-
Pluda JM, Cooley TP, Montaner JSG, et al. A phase I/II study of 2'-deoxy-3'-thiacytidine (lamivudine) in patients with advanced immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Infectious Disease 171: 1438-1447; 1995.
-
Van Leeuwen R, Katlama C, Kitchen V, et al. Evaluation of safety and efficacy of 3TC (lamivudine) in patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: a phase I/II study. Journal of Infectious Disease 171:1166-1171; 1995.
-
Katlama C, Ingrand D, Loveday C, et al. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy in antiretroviral-naive patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy. JAMA 276:118-125; 1996.
-
Bartlett JA, Benoit S, Johnson VA, et al. Lamivudine plus zidovudine compared with zalcitabine plus zidovudine in patients with HIV infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine 125: 161-172; 1996.
-
Staszewski S, Loveday C, Picazo JJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of lamivudine-zidovudine combination therapy in zidovudine-experienced patients. A randomized controlled comparison with zidovudine monotherapy. JAMA 276: 111-117; 1996.
-
Phillips AN, Eron JJ, Bartlett JA, et al. HIV-1 RNA levels and the development of clinical disease. AIDS 10: 859-865; 1996.
-
Montaner J, Cooper D, Katlama C, et al. CAESAR: Confirmation of the clinical benefit of 3TC (Epivir) in HIV-1 Disease: Preliminary results. Presented at the 36th ICAAC, New Orleans Louisiana, USA. LB6; 1996.
-
Hammer SM, Squire KE, Hughes MD, et al. A controlled trial of two nucleoside analogues plus indinavir in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection and CD4 cell counts of 200 per cubic millimeter or less. New England Journal of Medicine 337: 725-733; 1997.
-
Angel JB, Hussey EK, Hall ST, et al. Pharmacokinetics of 3TC administered with and without food to HIV-infected patients. Drug Invest: 6: 70-74; 1993.
-
Van Leeuwen R, Lange JMA, Hussey EK, et al. The safety and pharmacokinetics of a reverse transcriptase inhibitor, 3TC, in patients with HIV infection: a phase I study. AIDS 6: 1471-1475; 1992.
-
Conant M, Self P, Liao E, et al. Epivir (3TC) expanded access program North American safety experience. The XI International Conference on AIDS, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada. LB.B:6032; 1996.
-
Carpenter CCJ, Fischl MA, Hammer SM, et al. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in 1996. Recommendations of an international panel. JAMA 276:146-154; 1996.
-
Wu AW, Mathews WC, Brysk LT, et al. Quality of life in a placebo-controlled trial of zidovudine in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome 3:683-690; 1990.
-
Tood C. PharmacoEconomics and Outcomes News. 168: 27 July; 1998.
- SCRIP 2425: 16, April 2; 1999.