BIOS601 Resources: Models/ Inference / Planning [mean/quantile]

ONE MEAN

(jh) Lecture Notes

• Mean and Quantile of a Quantitative Variable

Moore and McCabe: portion of Chapter 6 (power/sample size)

• link

Telling the sexes apart: results obtained by epib607 students, Fall 2001

• link [start at page 3]

Graphs Figures Tables Computing

• The sampling makes Independent observations: Time Spent Inside
• Words from Newsweek article: Version 1   |   Version 2
• Mean of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Uniform Random Variables   SAS   |   Excel
• Sum of 'points' on 1, 2, 3, ... , 12 (fair and unfair) Dice   R code
• Mean of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12 Gamma Random Variables SAS
• The Central Limit Theorem in Action (courtesy Lawrence Joseph)   1   |   2
• R code for above 'time it takes to get to McGill' example
• R code to show sampling distr'n of mean no. of words/letter cars/house
• Words in a Newsweek article
• The Snail and the Central Limit Theorem Excel
• Tire Ruptures during 7500Km Trip... R code     Java Applet
• Link between Poisson and Gamma/ChiSquare tail areas Accromath. 2015.
• Link between Poisson and Gamma/ChiSquare tail areas
  back-translated from Accromath, and material added.
• The reassurance of a large portfolio of insurance clients... Java Applet
• The sampling distribution of the sample mean (no. of cars per household)... Java Applet
• t not Z     (from Statistics 2nd Edn. by D Freedman et al, 1991)
• The Null Hypothesis
• Mozart strikes right chord in enhancing brain power: Study offers proof sunscreen prevents cancer
• Sample Size vis a vis Precision/Statistical Power for CI/Test involving 1 mean ( Excel )
• Links to software for sample size/precision/statistical power
  PS: Power and Sample Size     Epi Info

Articles

• Mathematical Distributions used in Common Tests, RA Fisher, 1935
• Standard deviation, Standard Error: Which 'Standard' should we use?
      transcribed     journal
• The only formula a clinician-trialist is ever likely to need (or understand!)
• A defence of the small clinical trial

The 1908 article, "The probable error of a mean" by W.S. Gosset ["Student"]

• 1908 article
• The first t-test (Senn & Richardson, Statistics in Med, 1994
• Student's z, t, and s: What if Gosset had R? JH MJ EM, 2008
• Related Material

Data / Data Analysis

• Estimates of the Density of the Earth
  
  Michell-Cavendish Experiment.html     Cavendish's article [4MB]     |     just the Table
  
  29 density estimates in Cavendish's summary table (p520)
  
  Article by Hutton(1821).
   
• Darwin's data on heights of 15 pairs of plants
   
  Chapter III Design of Experiments (R A Fisher)
   
• The Effect of Working Serial Night Shifts on Cognitive Functioning of Emergency Physicians
   
• On Time data for 1/2 million U.S. airline flights this far in 2013
  
      .csv file
  
      R code (including bootstrap investigation of sampling variability of the mean)
  
      Efron and Diaconis' orientation to the boostrap, in the popular Scientific American magazine

CLT

• A note on the sum of uniform random variables
  Buonocore A, Pirozzi E, Caputo L. Statistics and Probability Letters 79 (2009) 2092-2097.
  
  
• A Brief History of Normal Distribution (in Chinese)
  

Random Number Generation

• Dice for statistical experiments (Galton, Nature 1890)
   
• Stochastic Simulation in the Nineteenth Century (Stigler, Statistical Science, 1991)
   
• Galton's dice -- LMSE Christchurch Centre This page has a link to 'Galton's dice report (PDF 2.7 MB) Pages 2-10'
   
• Ziggurat algorithm
   
• See also the manual simulations, from 'real data', by Gosset by his classic 1908 paper (link is 2 bullets higher up this page)
   

Other

• Dating Stonenhenge [English Heritage, ? 1994 ]
  Dig pinpoints Stonehenge origins [BBC - 2008]

TWO MEANS

(jh) Lecture Notes

• Comparisons of 2 Means: - models / (frequentist) inference / planning

Articles

• Risks and benefits of paracetamol antipyresis in young children with fever of presumed viral origin.